System Structure

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Simple Structure
Each level performs a related subset of functions
Each level relies on the next lower level to perform more primitive functions
This decomposes a problem into a number of more manageable subproblems


Layered Approach
The operating system is divided into a number of layers (levels), each built on top of lower layers. The bottom layer (layer 0), is the hardware; the highest (layer N) is the user interface.
With modularity, layers are selected such that each uses functions (operations) and services of only lower-level layers.

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